Mine mining is the core link of resource development, with a complex process and high - tech intensity. According to the occurrence conditions of ore bodies, it is mainly divided into two methods: open - pit mining and underground mining. The following systematically sorts out the entire mining process in combination with industry practices and cutting - edge technologies.
- Geological Exploration: Technologies such as borehole sampling and 3D geological modeling are used to analyze the distribution of ore bodies, ore grades, and reserves. For example, a large - scale open - pit coal mine accurately determined coal seam parameters through dense boreholes, laying the foundation for the mining plan.
- Mining Planning: Divide mining areas, and design transportation roads, drainage systems, and mining sequences. For multi - layer ore bodies, a top - down layered mining strategy is usually adopted.
- Lower the groundwater level of the ore body through drainage ditches, well - point dewatering, etc., to prevent water inrush during the mining process.
- Remove surface vegetation, buildings, and other obstacles to ensure a flat working surface.
- Drilling and Blasting: Use intelligent down - the - hole drills or rotary drills to drill holes, and load explosives for efficient fragmentation. For example, in a limestone mine, the blasting vibration was controlled within a safe range by accurately calculating the amount of explosives.
- Loading and Transportation: Electric shovels or loaders load the ore into driverless trucks or conveyor belts and transport it to the concentrator or stockpile. Some mines use driverless fleets to achieve 24 - hour continuous operation.
- Dump waste rocks to the designated waste dump, and monitor to prevent landslides.
- After the mine is closed, cover the mined - out area with soil and carry out greening. For example, a mine was transformed into an ecological agricultural park to restore land productivity.
Drive vertical shafts, inclined shafts, or adits from the surface to establish ventilation, transportation, and power - supply systems.
- Drive roadways within the ore block, divide stoping units, and create conditions for rock drilling and ventilation.
- Cut raise or draw - off roadways to create a free face for blasting.
- Ore Drawing: Use short - hole, medium - long - hole, or long - hole blasting to caving the ore. Millisecond delay blasting technology can improve efficiency.
- Ore Extraction: Transport the ore to the main haulage roadway through scraper - loading equipment or electric locomotives.
- Ground Pressure Management: Use the filling method or ore pillars to support and control the mined - out area to prevent rock collapse.
Ore is purified through processes such as crushing, magnetic separation, or flotation. Tailings ponds need to be impermeabilized to avoid pollution.
5G remote - controlled drills and digital twin systems enable remote monitoring and fault early - warning.
Driverless transport vehicles and AI dispatching systems reduce labor costs.
- Dust Control: Install dry fog dust suppression devices with a coverage rate of over 90%.
- Wastewater Recycling: The dressing wastewater is recycled after sedimentation and filtration to reduce water resource consumption.
Mine mining needs to balance efficiency and sustainability. Scientific planning is required for each link, from precise exploration to ecological restoration. With the popularization of intelligent and green technologies, future mines will continue to upgrade towards "safety, high - efficiency, and zero - emission".
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